Jade is a term used for two distinct minerals: nephrite and jadeite. Nephrite is a calcium magnesium silicate (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂), while jadeite is a sodium aluminum silicate (NaAlSi₂O₆). Both minerals are prized for their toughness, green color, and attractive translucency, although jadeite can occur in a broader range of colors, including white, lavender, red, yellow, and black. Jade has a Mohs hardness of 6 to 7, making it durable and ideal for carvings and jewelry. The finest jadeite comes from Myanmar, while nephrite is primarily found in New Zealand, Canada, and China. Jade has been used for thousands of years in artifacts, ornaments, and tools.