Shungite is a carbon-rich mineraloid, primarily composed of up to 98% carbon, with traces of fullerenes (molecular carbon structures). It is typically black with a matte to semi-metallic luster and is known for its ability to conduct electricity. Shungite has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4, making it relatively soft. It is found almost exclusively in Russia, particularly in the Karelia region, where it formed over two billion years ago. Shungite is often used in decorative carvings, water purification, and jewelry due to its unique composition and appearance.