Amber is a fossilized tree resin that has been hardened over millions of years. It is most commonly yellow, orange, or brown, though it can also appear in hues like green, red, and even blue. Amber is often valued for its ability to preserve ancient inclusions, such as insects, plant matter, and air bubbles, which can provide insight into ancient ecosystems. With a Mohs hardness of 2 to 2.5, it is relatively soft and often used in beads, cabochons, and jewelry. Major sources include Baltic regions, Dominican Republic, and Myanmar.